Iraq - It was hard enough coping with flight from conflict-hit areas during the winter months. Now, for the hundreds of thousands of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) from Mosul, summer heat is the new challenge. Having survived ISIL, most families are now bracing themselves to battle their second most dangerous enemy – the sizzling sun and the sweltering temperatures that come with it.

With temperatures nearing 37° Celsius and rising, the coming months will be trying, according to the UN Migration Agency (IOM) communications officer Hala Jaber, reporting from the Qayara emergency site south of the embattled zone.

IOM’s emergency site at the former Qayara airstrip hosts over 52,000 displaced Iraqis or 8,746 families. The scorching heat is already having an impact on both health and living conditions for individuals living at the site.

From June onwards, temperatures in Iraq’s Ninewa governorate will hit, and on some days, surpass the 50° mark. The PVC tents that provided residents with much warmth during the cold winter months will be hard to tolerate in summer, as temperatures inside register at least 10° higher than outside.

“We are now sleeping outdoors to keep cool,” said Abu Omar, a displaced individual at the site. “It is literally impossible to bear the heat inside the tent.”

With the Qayara site at full capacity, IOM teams are in the process of ensuring that all IDP families are equipped with the basic materials that will help alleviate some of the summer’s discomfort.

Winter kits that have been modified for hotter days are being prepared for distribution to an estimated 7,790 families, in both Qayara and the neighboring Haj Ali camp.

The supplementary mini kits will include 40-litre capacity cool boxes, battery-rechargeable fans that can continue to run an extra four hours when power is down, plastic sheets to replace the thick winter carpets and summer bed linens.

Another 5,400 or so summer kits have already been distributed to IDP families from West Mosul, who have arrived in the emergency sites since the end of March 2017.

IOM’s primary health centres in both Qayara and Haj Ali, home to 34,000 people, each serve an average of 1,800 patients per week with medication. Displaced people with scabies, mostly from neighbouring camps, have also been seeking treatment in IOM’s medical centre in Qayara, prompting the primary health care to set specific morning hours, exclusive to these cases.

In Qayara, an unfamiliar stillness has replaced the usually active emergency site during the heat of the day. Fewer children now play along the pathways between the rows of tents and the hustle and bustle, normally created by the crowds of men and women going about their daily chores, has drastically decreased.

Winter colds and flus have now been replaced by diarrhea and dehydration, with an increase in cases among children, and IOM’s medical team has had to order different medications to tackle the summer ailments.

“Children may become dehydrated as they play outdoors or forget to drink enough water,” explained IOM’s Dr. Ahmad al Shafei. “Sanitation issues also contribute to diarrhea amongst children.”

Thaer, 37, has just returned to Qayara with his youngest boy, a six-month-old infant, who spent two days in a hospital run by Médecins sans Frontières. The baby was treated for acute dehydration. Thaer and his children, as many IDPs are now doing, sleep outside their tent to escape the suffocating heat inside.

“During the day, the tents are very hot and at night unbearable with all of us inside. So, I and my older children are sleeping outside the tent to escape the heat,” he said.

“We are keeping the children indoors as much as we can during daytime to prevent them from playing in the sun and getting dehydrated,” he said. “But you cannot coop children indoors for too long either,” Thaer explained.

For some of the IDP entrepreneurs in Qayara, the simmering weather means good business. Various small kiosks order truckloads of ice slabs to be delivered to the site and sold in pieces to children as ice-lollies, or in larger chunks to households seeking to chill drinking water and store food in the cooler boxes.

But this is only a partial solution to one of several problems being faced by camp residents at Qayara. Many IDPs are complaining about lack of electricity and shortage of water to run cooling systems.

The use of air coolers is problematic even when there is electricity. They require between 100 and 160 litres of water per day to operate. Currently, the recommended amount of water for each person per day is 15 litres of water for drinking, cooking and hygiene. IOM is developing an 11KVA grid in both Qayara and Haj Ali that will provide four AMPS of power to each tent.

IOM’s DTM has identified 61,724 families (370,344 individuals) currently displaced because of the on-going Mosul operations, since the military operations began in October 2016. Government and UN organizations estimate that tens of thousands are expected to flee once the battle for the old city in West Mosul commences.

With only 33 per cent of the required USD 28.83 million needed by IOM for the Mosul response, the funding gap is having a significant impact on IOM’s ability to effectively provide for the scale of needs created by the Mosul crisis.

“Hundreds of thousands of displaced Iraqis from Mosul have escaped the conflict but now need humanitarian assistance to survive. Forced to flee their homes and exposed to the elements, they are especially vulnerable to the hot summer weather,” said IOM Iraq Chief of Mission Thomas Lothar Weiss.

“IOM staff are providing emergency assistance at full capacity, but additional funding is required to cover the massive scope of the Mosul crisis needs: shelter, medical services, household items, and more, without which displaced Iraqis will continue to be at risk,” he added.

Across Iraq, more than 3 million people remain displaced. The latest DTM Emergency Tracking figures on displacement across Iraq are available at: http://iraqdtm.iom.int

For further information, please contact IOM Iraq:

Hala Jaber, Tel: +964 751 740 1654, Email: hjaberbent@iom.int or

Sandra Black, Tel: +964 751 234 2550, Email: sblack@iom.int